The FirstChip ChipYC2019, paired with its MPTools, represents the democratization of flash drive repair. For less than $10 in hardware, you have a controller that can be reprogrammed, re-partitioned, and resurrected from the dead.
In all these cases, standard Windows formatting (quick or full) does nothing. You need direct access via Mptools to the controller’s firmware. Firstchip Chipyc2019 Mptools