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In recent decades, the fields of and veterinary science have become increasingly intertwined, leading to a more holistic approach to animal healthcare. Traditionally, veterinary medicine focused primarily on physical ailments, but today, a deep understanding of behavior is considered essential for accurate diagnosis, humane handling, and the long-term preservation of the human-animal bond . The Evolution of Behavioral Medicine

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Social grooming is a critical affiliative behavior in non-human primates, serving both hygienic and socio-bonding functions. While acute pain is known to suppress self-maintenance behaviors, the effect of chronic, subclinical pain on social dynamics remains understudied in veterinary behavioral medicine. This paper investigates the hypothesis that chronic low-grade osteoarthritis (OA) in geriatric captive rhesus macaques leads to quantifiable reductions in initiated and received grooming bouts, independent of gross locomotor changes. Using a 14-month observational study of 42 subjects, we correlated veterinary orthopedic scores (pain and mobility indices) with behavioral ethograms. Results showed a significant negative correlation (p < 0.001) between pain scores and both grooming initiation (r = -0.72) and reciprocity duration (r = -0.68). Notably, unaffected social partners redirected grooming toward higher-ranking, pain-free individuals, altering colony hierarchy stability. We propose a novel veterinary screening protocol—"behavioral analgesia indicators" (BAIs)—to detect subclinical pain before standard physical examination findings emerge. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating animal behavior analysis into routine veterinary wellness exams to prevent pain-induced social fragmentation. In recent decades, the fields of and veterinary

42 adult rhesus macaques (24 female, 18 male; ages 12–28 years) housed in six social groups at a National Primate Research Center. Enclosures had indoor/outdoor access, environmental enrichment, and ad libitum water. While acute pain is known to suppress self-maintenance