VoCore is open hardware and runs Linux(OpenWrt). It has 128MB DDR, WIFI, USB, UART, SDXC, I2C, SPI, 20+ GPIOs but only one inch square(25.8mm). It will help you to make a smart house, study embedded system or even make the tiniest router in the world.
You will not only get the VoCore but also its hardware design including schematic, circuit board, bill of materials and source code of all applications. You are able to control EVERY BIT of your VoCore.
We invite you join us, help our community improve this open source hardware and use your creative skills to make a more wonderful Internet of Things!


Tiny Size: One square inch, easy to embed to devices.
OpenWrt: Easy to code; super stable, three years no reboot.
Low Cost: low cost, less than 1watt, unmatched performance.
Interfaces: Hardware support USB, Ethernet, SD, I2C, SPI etc.
OpenSource: Both software and hardware, totally FREE
Long Life: Keep production over 10 years, fast email support.
: This is arguably the most comprehensive and popular resource. It includes a dedicated section on Vector Calculus (Chapter 5), covering partial differentiation, gradients, and backpropagation. Free PDF via Github Math for Machine Learning (Garrett Thomas)
Here are some resources for "Calculus for Machine Learning" in PDF format:
This resource breaks down the specific "Vector Calculus" used in modern ML: Gradients of Scalar Functions : Essential for understanding how loss functions change. Jacobians and Hessians : Used for optimization and understanding curvature. The Chain Rule : The fundamental building block of Backpropagation in neural networks. Automatic Differentiation calculus for machine learning pdf link
: Measures the rate of change of a function's output relative to its input. In ML, derivatives determine the "slope" of a loss function, indicating which way to adjust weights to reduce error. Partial Derivatives
For many, standard calculus isn't enough; you need to understand how derivatives work with matrices and vectors. This guide by Terence Parr and Jeremy Howard (of fast.ai) is highly practical and skips the rigorous proofs in favor of intuition. : This is arguably the most comprehensive and
Jacobian matrices, gradients of neural networks, and the "matrix calculus" rules.
If you're looking for more resources, you can try searching for the following keywords: Jacobians and Hessians : Used for optimization and
by Marc Peter Deisenroth, A. Aldo Faisal, and Cheng Soon Ong.This is widely considered the gold standard for beginners. It is self-contained and explicitly covers vector calculus and continuous optimization in a way that directly supports understanding machine learning models like linear regression and support vector machines.