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New artists (the avant-garde) try to "overthrow" the established masters by calling them old-fashioned or commercial, hoping to claim the spot of "purest" creator. ScienceDirect.com 2. Key Terms to Know The Field:

The emergence of the autonomous field in the 19th century (with figures like Flaubert and Manet) created the necessary conditions for the "pure gaze." As art liberated itself from religious, moral, or political functions, it demanded a new mode of looking. However, Bourdieu warns, the ability to exercise the "pure gaze" is unequally distributed. It requires specific competence and cultural capital, usually acquired through education and upbringing. the field of cultural production bourdieu pdf better

This "disinterest" is actually a strategy to gain a different, more exclusive kind of value that can eventually be converted back into money later (e.g., a famous painter's work becoming an investment). 2. Autonomous vs. Heteronomous Poles New artists (the avant-garde) try to "overthrow" the

Julien is a resident of the , though he doesn't know it by that name yet. To him, it’s just "the scene." According to Pierre Bourdieu, Julien is a player in a high-stakes game where the currency isn't money—it's symbolic capital (prestige and recognition). The Struggle for Position However, Bourdieu warns, the ability to exercise the