To understand modern , we must move past the old "Five Freedoms" (freedom from hunger, discomfort, pain, fear, and to express normal behavior) and look at the updated Five Domains Model . This model helps pet owners assess not just the absence of negativity, but the presence of positivity.

(by providing an appropriate environment).

Use puzzle feeders, scent games, or teach new tricks to keep their minds engaged and prevent destructive boredom.

Modern animal welfare is grounded in established scientific principles that define the quality of life for a companion animal.

Of course, ensuring our pets lead happy and healthy lives is just one part of the animal welfare equation. The Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare, developed by the Brambell Committee in 1965, provide a framework for evaluating animal welfare: