Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) is a versatile, high-productivity welding process that uses a continuously fed tubular electrode filled with flux. It combines the advantages of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW): high deposition rates, improved penetration, and suitability for outdoor and high-production environments. FCAW is widely used in construction, shipbuilding, heavy equipment fabrication, and structural steelwork.