: Causality: emission region size (R \lesssim c \delta t \times \text(time dilation) \approx c \delta t \cdot 2\Gamma^2/(1+z)) — wait, correct approach: Variability timescale (t_\textvar = R / (2\Gamma^2 c)) (in observer frame). So (\Gamma > \sqrt R / (2 c t_\textvar) ) but (R) unknown. Instead use: Lower limit: (\Gamma > \sqrt \fracc t_\textvar (1+z)\delta t )? Let's derive properly.

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